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< 高血圧診療で疑問に思っていること | メイン | 組織レニン >

人工培養組織で損傷した心臓組織再生可能に

戯れ言たれる侏儒 / 2007.09.13 07:20 / 推薦数 : 0

ヒト胚性幹細胞（ES細胞）を人工培養し、損傷した心臓組織に移植する方法が、まもなく実用化する見通しだという。

この方法は、患者自身の骨髄から採取したES細胞を人工的に育てて、心臓筋あるいは心臓弁に移植するというもの。3年から5年後には実用化される見通し。　

心臓病で年間1750万人が死亡
世界保健機関（WHO）による2005年度統計によると、心臓病による死者は全世界で1750万人、人類最大の死因となっている。
だが、心臓弁と心臓筋を移植すれば、心臓病による死亡の大半は避けられるとされている。

「患者自身の繊維組織から培養した心臓弁を最も必要としているのは、先天的な心臓欠陥をもって生まれてくる新生児。100人に1人がこの問題を抱えている」と指摘するのは、心臓移植研究の第一人者で今回の研究の中心的人物でもある、Simon Hoeurstrup氏。

現在使用されている人工の心臓弁は、成長にともない定期交換する必要があるため、子どもの患者に多大な苦痛を与えることになるうえ、死亡率も成人の場合より高い。
さらに、耐久性の高いメカニックな心臓は心臓裏側の細菌感染の危険性を高め、血液の流れを不正常にする可能性が高い。
血液の凝固を阻止する薬を服用せざるをえないため、内出血と塞栓症の危険を高めてしまう。

こうした理由から、免疫システムによる拒絶反応を起こさない患者自身の組織を移植する方法は、関係者から移植治療における「聖なる杯」とされていた。
　
画期的な心臓病治療法と期待される、人工培養組織の移植
現在利用されている生物繊維組織からなる心臓弁は2種類あるが、いずれも重大な欠陥を抱えている。
豚の心臓弁移植は、容易に移植の素材を入手できる利点はあるものの、人間の心臓弁と構造が違うため、摩耗していく傾向が強い。
ヒトのドナーから提供してもらう場合その心配はないが、提供の機会が極めて限られているうえ、拒絶反応を引き起こす場合も多い。

患者自身の骨髄から採取した組織を使用する方法では、細胞を適切な形に育成させる。
こうして成熟した繊維組織を心臓弁として患者に移植する一連の過程は、わずか6週間ほどで完了するという。

心臓病治療に朗報、人工培養組織で損傷した心臓組織再生可能に
http://www.afpbb.com/article/life-culture/health/2276678/2070687

 

＜コメント＞
このサイトの内容が消えるといけないので一部割愛しながらアップさせていただきました。
成人に領域では弁膜症はまだまだ生体弁や人工弁で対応可能というのが一般的ではないでしょうか？
私の循環器医としての経験から昔しばしば経験したリウマチ性弁膜症が最近ではほとんど見たれなくなってきています。
聴診で診断出来ない若い先生も増えてきているのではないでしょうか？
もっともカラードップラーなどで簡単に診断出来てしまうんでしょうが。
さて、このニュースも最初はピンと来ませんでしたし正直よくわかりませんでした。

しかし下の新岡俊治先生の動画を見せていただいて、実際の患者さんを目の前にした切実な問題であることがよく理解できました。
そして具体的な内容も理解することが出来ました。
手術前後を見る限り執刀者の新岡先生がひとりで駆けずり廻っています。
そしてハードな手術後に行われる再生医療の研究。
こんなやりかたで世界の最先端の研究が本当に出来るのかと思ってしまいましたがエール大学に移られるとのこと。
今後のご活躍を楽しみにしています。
最後のゴール争いのようですから大変でしょうけど。

先生の最後の２年生への講義風景。

せっかくの素晴らしい講義。
医学生の感じ。
かなりショックでした。

いずれにしろ今まで興味のなかった再生医学。
いい勉強が出来、これから興味を持つことができました。


児玉幸雄 油彩4号『コートダジュ～』
http://page17.auctions.yahoo.co.jp/jp/auction/v27463564
 

新岡俊治　

http://sc-smn.jst.go.jp/8/bangumi.asp?i_series_code=B050615&i_renban_code=015 


（ちょっと長いですが是非クリックして動画を見られることをお勧めします。）
京都大学医学部附属病院　探索医療センター
重症心不全への細胞移植プロジェクト
http://www.kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~cardiac/project/index.html
心臓細胞再生の現状と展望
http://www.igaku-shoin.co.jp/nwsppr/n2002dir/n2483dir/n2483_03.htm#00
血管の再生
http://www.igaku-shoin.co.jp/nwsppr/n2002dir/n2487dir/n2487_03.htm

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