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2010.10.30 05:29 |  診療  |  開業 / 病院経営  |  研究  |  その他（医療関連）  |  shushu  | 推薦数 : 1

本県発見の抗生物質、再登板へ　多剤耐性菌治療に期待

本県発見の抗生物質、再登板へ　多剤耐性菌治療に期待

　多剤耐性アシネトバクターなどの院内感染が問題化する中、厚生労働省は、約６０年前に当時の福島県伊達郡掛田町（現伊達市霊山町）で発見された細菌を基に開発され、近年は国内で使われていない抗生物質「コリスチン」を、多剤耐性菌治療に効果が見込めるため使用を復活させる。近く外資系製薬会社が臨床試験を開始する。当初は製造も伊達郡内の施設で行われていた国産初の抗生物質。新薬の開発などによって市場から姿を消していたが、再び脚光を浴びる。
　厚生労働省は来月中にも、承認に向けての審査で優遇措置が受けられる「希少疾病用医薬品」にコリスチンを指定する。外資系製薬会社のグラクソ・スミスクライン社が近く臨床試験に入り、半年程度の間には製造・販売に向けた承認申請をする見通しだ。
　日本感染症学会など４学会はコリスチンなどの早期承認を国に要求していた。国内の医療機関では、製造・販売が継続されている海外から「個人輸入」し、使用する動きも出ている。
　福島医大感染制御・臨床検査医学講座の金光敬二教授も個人輸入に向けた準備を進めていた。国内販売に道筋が付き、急きょ取り止めた。「多剤耐性菌は国内に存在するとみられ、県内の医療機関でも感染症患者がいつ発生してもおかしくない状態。コリスチンなど治療薬を入手できる環境が必要だ」と対応を評価している。
　コリスチンは昭和２６年から製造されたが、抗菌範囲が広い新薬が開発され、約２０年前に国内生産は中止となった。国の承認も取り消されている。しかし、多剤耐性のアシネトバクターや緑膿（りょくのう）菌などに感染した患者に投与すると、菌の増殖を抑制する効果が見込めるとの研究結果が報告されている。
■「地元細菌役立って」　郷土史研究会長の佐藤さん
　「地元の細菌から生まれた薬が世の中の役に立ってくれれば、すばらしい」。伊達市の霊山町郷土史研究会長の佐藤隆昭さん（７２）は誇らしげに語った。
　コリスチンは昭和２２年、掛田町にあった民間研究機関の施設で誕生した。施設は戦禍を逃れて東京から移転し、終戦後も研究を重ねていた。新たな抗生物質を作る細菌を探すため各地の土壌を採集。同町の土壌から強い抗菌性を示す物質を生み出す細菌を発見した。採集には町内の小学生も協力したという。
　掛田町にあった施設の近くに住んでいた長井広吉さん（８４）は「東京から大きな会社が来たのを覚えている。貴重な薬を作っていると聞かされていた」と振り返った。
　研究機関はその後、伊達郡内の別の場所に施設を移してコリスチンを製造し、全国の医療機関に届けた。施設は昭和３０年ごろ、東京に移転。コリスチンは昭和４０年代まで赤痢などの治療薬として広く使われた。
■※多剤耐性菌　２種類以上の抗生物質への耐性を持った細菌。病原性は弱くても、体力のない入院患者に感染すると治療が難しいケースがある。２０００年代に入りほとんどの抗生物質の効かない菌が欧米中心に広まり、その一つの多剤耐性アシネトバクターが帝京大病院で６０人近くに感染、死者も出た。ＮＤＭ１という耐性遺伝子を持つ大腸菌も欧米で問題となっており、インドから帰国した独協医大病院の患者から国内で初めて検出された。福島民報

福島なんですね・？

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