これは、Ontario Safety Association for Community & Healthcare (OSACH)というカナダのＮＰＯが2009年に作成した比較的新しいパンフレットです。この最初に、労働現場での暴力を以下のように分類しています。
Violence in the workplace is a growing issue in the healthcare and community care sector. The literature recognizes four types of workplace violence: • Type I (Criminal Intent): The perpetrator has no relationship to the worker or the workplace • Type II (Client or Customer): The perpetrator is a client at the workplace who becomes violent toward a worker or another client • Type III (Worker-to-worker): The perpetrator is an employee or past employee of the workplace • Type IV (Personal Relationship): The perpetrator has a personal relationship with an employee or a client, e.g., domestic violence in the workplace Although other types of violence receive more media attention, workplace
で、「いじめ」とは、どういうものか、以下のようなものがあげられています。
• Social isolation (silent treatment) • Rumours • Personal attack of a person’s private life and/or personal attributes • Excessive or unjustified criticism • Over-monitoring of work • Verbal aggression • Withholding information
• Withholding job responsibility • Trivial fault finding • Replacing proper work with demeaning jobs • Setting unrealistic goals or deadlines
What are the effects of bullying on my health? Bullying causes injury to health and makes you ill. How many of these symptoms do you have?
• Constant high levels of stress and anxiety • Frequent illness such as viral infections, especially flu and glandular fever, colds, coughs, chest, ear, nose and throat infections (stress plays havoc with your immune system) • Aches and pains in the joints and muscles with no obvious cause; chronic back pain with no obvious cause that won’t respond to treatment • Headaches and migraines • Tiredness, exhaustion, constant fatigue • Sleeplessness, nightmares, waking early, waking up more tired than when you went to bed • Flashbacks and replays, obsessiveness, can’t get the bullying out of your mind • Irritable bowel syndrome • Skin problems such as eczema, psoriasis, athlete’s foot, ulcers, shingles, rashes • Poor concentration, inability to concentrate on anything for long • Bad or intermittently functioning memory, forgetfulness, especially with trivial day-to-day things • Sweating, trembling, shaking, palpitations, panic attacks • Tearfulness, bursting into tears regularly and over trivial things • Uncharacteristic irritability and angry outbursts • Hypervigilance (feels like but is not paranoia), being onstantly on edge • Hypersensitivity, fragility, isolation, withdrawal • Reactive depression, a feeling of sorrow, lethargy, hopelessness, anger, futility and more • Shattered self-confidence, low self-worth, low self-esteem, loss of self-love, etc. (UK National Workplace Bullying Advice, http://www.bullyonline.org/workbully/amibeing.htm)
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