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< まだ続いています，当院・医局のフィッシュ... | メイン | 職業・環境性嗅覚障害 >
2008.05.08 21:00 |  診療  |  ミチバ  | 推薦数 : 2

本日イタイイタイ病の「認定日」→カドミウムの話

・産経新聞のWebsiteに「きょうは何の日」というのがあります．40年まえの本日＝1968年5月8日は，イタイイタイ病が公害病と認定された日だそうです．その記事の半分を貼り付けときます．

http://sankei.jp.msn.com/life/welfare/080508/wlf0805080331000-n1.htm

 

 昭和４３（１９６８）年５月８日、厚生省（当時）は富山県神通川流域で発生していたイタイイタイ病を「公害病である」と認定した。原因は三井金属神岡鉱業所が鉱山の製錬の際に排出したカドミウムで、体中の骨が折れ、患者が「痛い、痛い」と叫ぶことから病名がつけられた。

 

・以前カドミウムに関しては，「カドミウムの健康障害」という記事で書きました．今回違った切り口で記事を書きます。

・Cdの健康影響については、急性毒性と慢性毒性があるということ。障害を受ける主な臓器は、呼吸器、腎、骨があるということです。

・主な急性毒性は、化学性肺炎/肺水腫です。曝露後４時間～８～１０時間後くらいから症状がでるようです。また、急性の腎障害、肝障害もおこりえると書いている教科書もありますが、記述はほんの少しです。

・慢性毒性は、肺気腫、腎障害、骨の障害（osteomalasia,osteoporosis）等があります。骨･腎の関係がイタイイタイ病itai-itai disease（Ouch-ouch disease)です。他に慢性鼻炎、嗅覚障害（嗅覚鈍麻→嗅覚脱失anosmia）、歯への黄色の色素沈着（カドミウム黄色環golden yellow ring）の記載があります。

・以前のブログの記事では、肺癌のことを書きましたが、なんとEnvironmental and Occupational Medicineという教科書には、・・・the most recent studies do not support the hypothesis that cadmium acts as a lung carcinogen in humans.という記載がありました。で、もって、UpToDateでは、

In an attempt to further examine the relationship between cadmium and lung cancer, an epidemiologic study was carried out in Belgium. Lung cancer incidence among 521 individuals residing in an area contaminated with cadmium was compared to that in 473 individuals with low environmental exposure  . Environmental contamination was confirmed by measuring cadmium concentration in the soil. During a median follow-up of 17 years, 3 and 16 lung cancers occurred in the low and high exposure areas, respectively, for an incidence of 1.8 versus 0.4 per 1000 patient years at risk, respectively. In multivariate analyses adjusted for smoking, age, and gender, the hazard ratio was 4.2 (95% CI 1.2-14) for high versus low exposure areas, respectively, and 1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.6) for doubling of 24-hour urinary cadmium excretion.

と、なっとりますです。

・教科書のカドミウムの項には、イタイイタイ病がでてきますが、そのメカニズムは十分わかっていないと書かれています。私は、すっかり解明されたものと思っておりました。修行が足りません。

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イタイイタイ病のメカニズムに関してですが、Ｃｄには水溶性で実験に用いるのが容易な塩化カドミウムと
硫酸カドミウムがあり、イタイイタイ病は硫酸カドミウムでなければ発症しないそうです（塩化物に
おける中毒の場合には、腎萎縮症及び骨粗鬆症は発症しても、骨軟化症に至ることはありません）
にも拘らず、環境庁で行われた動物実験で使用されたのは塩化カドミウムのみで、殆んどの成分が
沈殿してしまう硫酸カドミウムが使われることはなかったと聞いています。

また、動物実験において使われたのは主にオスの赤毛猿（メスの赤毛猿が使われた例は僅か数例だ
そうです）で、妊娠負荷については全く無視されたそうです。


以上のことから、動物実験においてイタイイタイ病の発症メカニズムが、解明されることは不可能だったと
考えられます。

＞あおさま、コメントありがとうございます。
そういうことだったんですか。存じませんでした。勉強になりました。
written by あお / 2010.02.03 14:55

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