In western countries, cancer of the larynx is for the most part attributable to smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol. Possible occupational risks include exposure to nickel, asbestos, and ionizing radiation. [Adami, p. 271] Studies of cohorts from past decades have found strong associations between laryngeal cancer and occupational exposures to mustard gas manufacturing, nickel refining, and metalworking with mineral-based oils. [Ward, p. 296] Risk factors for laryngeal cancer include smoking, drinking alcohol, and asbestos exposure. Possible risk factors are leather workers, textile workers, and exposure to gasoline, diesel oil, and mineral oil. [LaDou, p. 302-3] There is strong evidence that the following are occupational carcinogens: isopropanol manufacture, strong acid process; inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid; and mustard gas. There is suggestive evidence that exposure to asbestos and the rubber industry are associated with an increased risk of work-related laryngeal cancer. [Siemiatycki, p. 334] "The committee concluded that the evidence is sufficient to infer a causal relationship between asbestos exposure and laryngeal cancer." [National Academy of Sciences. Asbestos: Selected Cancers. 2006]
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